Mental impairment as a defence can be used when the person accused of a crime either didn’t understand what they were doing, or didn’t know what they were doing was wrong. This defence is exclusively used in Australia in cases involving a person suffering from schizophrenia, and is used in about one per cent of higher court cases.

There is a special section of the Crimes Act 1997 that deals with mental impairment and unfitness to be tried. The defence must prove that this is the case,  and ‘The standard upon which the defence must prove mental impairment is ‘on the balance of probabilities’. 

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